What If My Child Isn’t Motivated to Get Treatment for Addiction?
Suggesting Treatment to a Loved One
Intervention – a Starting Point
Drug Use, Stigma, and the Proactive Contagions to Reduce Both
- Details
- Hits: 1228
(Vaping linked to dysregulation of mitochondrial genes and immune response genes)
Nov 24 2021
Since they hit the market, e-cigarettes have been touted as a safe alternative to tobacco cigarettes for adult smokers. When research began to suggest otherwise, many questioned whether smoking was still to blame for adverse effects, since most vapers are either "dual users" who also smoke cigarettes or have a prior history of smoking.
Now, a team of researchers at the Keck School of Medicine of USC has demonstrated that - independent of the effects of prior smoking – using e-cigarettes is linked to adverse biological changes that can cause disease. The study, published in Scientific Reports, revealed that vapers experience a similar pattern of changes to gene regulation as smokers do, although the changes are more extensive in people who smoke.
Our study, for the first time, investigates the biological effects of vaping in adult e-cigarette users, while simultaneously accounting for their past smoking exposure. Our data indicate that vaping, much like smoking, is associated with dysregulation of mitochondrial genes and disruption of molecular pathways involved in immunity and the inflammatory response, which govern health versus disease state."
Ahmad Besaratinia, PhD, corresponding author and professor of research population and public health sciences at the Keck School of Medicine
"We found that more than 80% of gene dysregulation in vapers correlated with the intensity and duration of current vaping," said Besaratinia. "Whereas none of the detected gene dysregulation in vapers correlated to their prior smoking intensity or duration."
Effects of vaping mirror those of smoking
In previous research, Besaratinia and his team have shown that e-cigarette users develop some of the same cancer-related molecular changes in oral tissue as cigarette smokers. They also discovered vapers had the same kind of cancer-linked chemical changes to their genome as smokers.
In this study, they found that, in both vapers and smokers, mitochondrial genes are preferential targets of gene dysregulation. They also found that vapers and smokers had significant dysregulation of immune response genes.
Besaratinia says the findings are not only novel and significant, but they are also interrelated, since growing evidence shows that mitochondria play a critical role in immunity and inflammation.
"When mitochondria become dysfunctional, they release key molecules," said Besaratinia. "The released molecules can function as signals for the immune system, triggering an immune response that leads to inflammation, which is not only important for maintaining health but also plays a critical role in the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer."
"Given the popularity of e-cigarettes among young never-smokers, our findings will be of importance to the regulatory agencies," said Besaratinia. "To protect public health, these agencies are in urgent need of scientific evidence to inform the regulation of the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of e-cigarettes."
- Details
- Hits: 1250
(Dalgarno Institute Comment – Medically Assisted Treatment or Opioid Substitute Treatments are not a long-term solution, and the sector knows it. In fact, these treatments are causing increasing harms in and of themselves, both unto addiction, as well as physiological and biological harms. If drug use exiting outcomes is not the goal and all vehicles employed to help the dependent individual exit drug use – including the imperative of ‘sunset clauses’ on the use of MAT’s, then ‘harm reduction’ becomes a ‘harm enhancer’. (See Combining Medications With 12-Step Model Treatment Improves OUD Outcomes) These failed policy practices continue to be largely left unscrutinised (at least in the Australian context), as a more ‘set and forget damage management’ model, and this is both unacceptable as a public health outcome and an individual recovery outcome)
Dopamine along with other chemical messengers like serotonin, cannabinoids, endorphins and glutamine, play significant roles in brain reward processing. There is a devastating opiate/opioid epidemic in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at least 127 people, young and old, are dying every day due to narcotic overdose and alarmingly heroin overdose is on the rise. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has approved some Medication-Assisted Treatments (MATs) for alcoholism, opiate and nicotine dependence, but nothing for psychostimulant and cannabis abuse. While these pharmaceuticals are essential for the short-term induction of “psychological extinction,” in the long-term caution is necessary because their use favors blocking dopaminergic function indispensable for achieving normal satisfaction in life. The two institutions devoted to alcoholism and drug dependence (NIAAA & NIDA) realize that MATs are not optimal and continue to seek better treatment options. We review, herein, the history of the development of a glutaminergic-dopaminergic optimization complex calledKB220 to provide for the possible eventual balancing of the brain reward system and the induction of “dopamine homeostasis.” This complex may provide substantial clinical benefit to the victims of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) and assist in recovery from iatrogenically induced addiction to unwanted opiates/opioids and other addictive behaviors.
- Details
- Hits: 1418
Key points:
* Researchers found pesticides, cleaning agents and potentially dangerous chemicals in vaping products
* They also found trace elements of nicotine in products that claim to be nicotine-free
* An independent researcher backed the findings as evidence of the need for greater regulation
Curtin University respiratory physiologist Alexander Larcombe studied 65 common liquids used in vapes from local suppliers that are available in Australia.
Dr Larcombe said the results showed that many vapes contained carcinogenic and other harmful ingredients.
"There is a suite of chemicals in there, many are known to have negative impacts on your lung health," he said.
- Details
- Hits: 1358
The Redemption of Ginny Burton
“I’m so grateful I was ‘locked up’ by people who loved me enough to help me change!” (introduced to Cannabis by her mother when not yet a teen, and so the nightmare unfolded in the… ‘It’s my right to do drugs’ culture. (for more go to “Children: The Lasting Casualties of Family Drug Induced Violence” and “Ripple Effect: Families Suffer From Others Drug Use”)
- Details
- Hits: 1339
Media release
Fifty-two prisoners have graduated from a unique new rehabilitation program at Casuarina Prison designed to break the cycle of addiction to alcohol and other drugs that so often leads to criminal behaviour.
The nine-month program, called Solid Steps, was developed by the Department of Justice in conjunction with external service providers the Palmerston Association and Wungening Aboriginal Corporation.
It is the first residential alcohol and other drug rehabilitation program to be delivered in an adult male prison in Western Australia.
Department of Justice Director General, Dr Adam Tomison, said breaking the cycle of addiction is critical to improving community safety in the longer term.
"Solid Steps aims to deliver a holistic program which enables prisoners to reduce their alcohol and drug dependence by developing strategies and skills to address risky, harmful and destructive behaviours that lead to poor choices and criminality," Dr Tomison said.
"The program is based on a culturally safe, modified therapeutic community model. It also strengthens connection to self, family, culture and community."
Just over 40 per cent of the program’s participants are Aboriginal.
Solid Steps is delivered five days a week by trained health experts, counsellors and support staff.
Dr Tomison said support for the program graduates continues beyond the prison.
"A comprehensive through-care framework has been developed to support the participants’ recovery journey, whether they are transitioning back into the community or remaining in custody for now," Dr Tomison said.
"There's no sugar-coating the reality that breaking addiction to alcohol or drugs is hard – really hard – and it isn’t always achieved on the first attempt."
Dr Tomison said by investing in programs like Solid Steps, the Department of Justice hoped to drive recidivism rates down.
"If we can help the vast majority of Solid Steps graduates stop using alcohol and drugs and they then don’t commit any more offences, that’s a win-win," Dr Tomison said.
"There’ll be less people being harmed and less people as victims of crime. And these men will be leading more productive lives, which is really important for them and their families, and overall it’s going to be cheaper for the community."
One participating prisoner, a Noongar man who cannot be identified for privacy reasons, said he volunteered for the Solid Steps program after spending the past 20 years in and out of the justice system.
"It’s the longest I’ve been clean in the past 10 years and my confidence has grown every day that I can say no to drugs because I know what I’ve got in life, I know everything I can be thankful for in life and I don’t want to lose all that because I go down that same path of drugs and crime again," he said.
The Solid Steps program continues at the Mallee Unit with rolling intakes every four to six weeks.
Prisoners graduate from unique addiction-breaking program at Casuarina (www.wa.gov.au)